Researchers, companies and funding
A reader should know who runs the research and who pays for it. This page names the main groups whose work is held in the database. It is not a complete list.
Academic groups
- Moscow (Severin, Boldyrev). The Russian school that studied carnosine in muscle and brain from the 1950s. See History.
- Ghent, Belgium (Derave, Everaert, Baguet). Muscle carnosine, beta-alanine loading and washout, vegetarians (Baguet 2009; Everaert 2011).
- Chichester and Nottingham, UK (Harris, Hill, Sale). The 2006 and 2007 beta-alanine loading studies (Harris 2006; Hill 2007). Roger Harris also led the earlier horse and greyhound work.
- Milan (Aldini, Carini). Carbonyl quenching chemistry and rodent metabolic models (Aldini 2002; Aldini 2011).
- London (Hipkiss). The anti-glycation hypothesis (Hipkiss 1995).
- Melbourne (de Courten, Monash and Victoria University). Clinical trials in prediabetes, obesity and type 2 diabetes (de Courten 2016; Hariharan 2024; Saadati 2023).
- Heidelberg (Peters, Yard). Carnosinase, CNDP1 and diabetic kidney disease (Peters 2012).
- São Paulo (Artioli, Gualano, Saunders, Dolan). Beta-alanine meta-analyses (Saunders 2017; Dolan 2019).
Commercial interests
- Natural Alternatives International holds the CarnoSyn beta-alanine brand and has funded or supplied beta-alanine trials. Study pages state this where the paper declares it.
- Hamari Chemicals and Zeria Pharmaceutical hold the polaprezinc patents and market Promac in Japan. Zeria has sponsored polaprezinc trials.
- Innovative Vision Products is Mark Babizhayev’s company behind the Can-C N-acetylcarnosine eye drops. The cataract trials came from this group (Babizhayev 2002); independent reviewers have not confirmed them (Dubois 2017).
- Flamma and other ingredient makers supply carnosine for trials and are named in some papers.
Where a paper declares its funding, the study page records it in the limits field.