Carnosine: the research, in one place
Carnosine is a dipeptide of beta-alanine and histidine. Muscle, heart and brain hold it in high amounts. It was found in meat extract in 1900, and researchers have studied it since in people and in animals, by mouth, as eye drops and on the skin. This site lists that research, with each study's design, size, dose and limits. It does not give advice and does not sell anything.
319 studies from 1900 to 2026, including 29 randomised controlled trials. Each entry was checked against its source.
By species
- Humans 118 studies
- Dogs 4 studies
- Cats 1 study
- Horses 17 studies
- Other animals and laboratory 221 studies
By route and product
Human research by topic
Background
Recently added
- Carnosine is a quencher of 4-hydroxy-nonenal: through what mechanism of reaction?
Carnosine was 10 times more active than L-histidine or N-acetylcarnosine as an HNE quencher, and beta-alanine was inactive, indicating the two residues act synergistically with the beta-alanyl group catalysing addition of the imidazole to HNE.
Laboratory studyOther animals - The natural substrate for nitric oxide synthase activity
The authors state there has been little evidence that arginine is the natural substrate for nitric oxide synthase activity.
Laboratory studyOther animals - Role of histidine-related compounds as intracellular proton buffering constituents in vertebrate muscle
Histidine dipeptides such as carnosine and anserine, together with free histidine in some fish, are major non-bicarbonate buffers in muscle, and buffering capacity differs markedly between muscle types and species.
ReviewOther animals - Role of histidine-related compounds to intracellular buffering in fish skeletal muscle
Marlin red and white muscle had about twice the buffer capacity of trout muscle, and white muscle buffered about twice as much as red in both species.
Laboratory studyOther animals
Browse the full database · Research log and RSS feed · How to read a study page